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Children need to be included in the process of evaluating and recording their learning. This is as essential as involving them in the planning stages. As well as fostering co-operation and responsibility, the children will build skills in critical and reflective thinking, and become more aware of their own learning styles, interests and needs.

Being involved in the evaluation and recording of their own planned activities helps the children to formulate realistic goals and analyse their strengths and weaknesses. These skills will be invaluable throughout their entire lives, and are worth encouraging early.

In time, the children will be able to plan and direct their own learning programs, independent of your help. Independent learning skills are the cornerstone of success in higher educational institutions, and are very easily achieved in the home learning environment.

To encourage the children's participation in self-evaluation activities and recording, they need to be clear about what the key learnings are for them in the activities you have planned.

If they have been involved in the planning stages, they will have already set their own learning goals, and perhaps discussed what indicators they will use to judge their success or improvement.

Not all activities the children do should be evaluated in a conscious way with them. It is very important to recognise children need privacy, and most of their time will be taken up with their own activities, mostly for fun and private learning. Often children will readily share their own achievements and successes, and these can be recorded later if desired. Many developmental milestones are reached through play. Discuss with your children regularly which type of activities will be recorded in your home schooling program. Asking for their permission to record incidental learning 'milestones' that occur outside of planned activities, is the best way to build respect and trust.

The easiest way to turn children off learning is by too much interference in their personal learning efforts, or by regulating their time so much it constantly interrupts their own explorations. A few well timed activities each day, where evaluation is seen to be important and integral to the learning will be sufficient and most useful.

When helping children develop self-evaluative skills you must first of all model them yourself, choosing appropriate comments and behaviours and practicing them in your everyday life. Using a personal journal or diary regularly is one effective way to do this. Many homeschooling families set aside a period of time, usually after the evening meal, for daily journal writing. Very young children can be encouraged to draw or scribble in a special book, and parents can scribe what they say. This is an excellent habit to develop, and encourages not only evaluation and reflection, but also reading and writing skills. Daily journal writing is often most successful if everyone does it, and it is uniformly valued in the family.

There are many formal ways children can evaluate and record their own performance, knowledge, skills and abilities. In schools teachers use specifically designed forms or sheets the students fill out, and which gradually call upon more reflective processes as the children gain skill in this area. Such forms usually ask the children:

• What they felt about a particular activity;
• For comments on specific sections of the activity; for example, the materials used, interaction with others, method of recording, timing of activities, usefulness of the activity, etc;
• And a critical comment on the overall activity. It is a good idea to incorporate a similar system into your home school learning program.

These evaluation sheets can be inserted into a folder for each child which in later years could later grow into a portfolio. Such educational portfolios have proved useful in obtaining tertiary education positions and employment.

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Pioneering members of the home education movement in Australia, Beverley and Robin Paine are passionate advocates of true educational choice for families. They began homeschooling in 1986 and three years later started the South Australian Home Based Learners network. Beverley continues to write for homeschooling newsletters and magazines as well as hosting several websites dedicated to promoting and supporting home education in Australia. Her aim is to demystify the education process and make it accessible to all parents. Enjoy Beverley's wealth of practical knowledge, homeschooling and unschooling tips and ideas through articles and books and online at www.homeschoolaustralia.com. Since the late 1990s Robin and Beverley have been building their home education publishing business - Always Learning Books - from home with the help of their son Thomas.

Please note that the opinions and articles included in the suite of Homeschool Australia websites are not necessarily those of Beverley and Robin Paine, nor do we endorse or necessarily recommend products (other than our own) listed in contributed articles, pages, or advertisements.

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